Resources - Emulation - PC - Le Bottin des Jeux Linux

🗃️ Specifications

📰 Title:	Resources - Emulation - PC	🕹️ / 🛠️ Type:	Info
🗃️ Genre:	Emulation	🚦 Status:	11. Documentation (no status)
🏷️ Category:	Emulation ➤ Engine ➤ PC (Emulation & Virtualization)	🌍️ Browser version:
🔖 Tags:	Documentation; Resources; Emulation; MICROSOFT; PC	📦️ Package Name:
🐣️ Approx. start:		📦️ Arch package:
🐓️ Latest:		📦️ RPM package:
📍️ Version:	Latest: -	📦️ Deb package:
🏛️ License type:	🕊️ Libre	📦️ Flatpak package:
🏛️ License:	CC BY	📦️ AppImage package:
🏝️ Perspective:	Third person	📦️ Snap package:
👁️ Visual:	Text	⚙️ Generic binary:
⏱️ Pacing:	Real Time	📄️ Source:
👫️ Played:	Single	📱️ PDA support:
🎖️ This record:		🕳️ Not used:
🎀️ Game design:		👫️ Contrib.:	goupildb & Louis
🎰️ ID:	12596	🐛️ Created:	2011-12-30
🐜️ Updated:	2022-05-01

📖️ Summary

[en]:	A set of links to resources and / or documentation for the IBM PC compatible home computers.	[fr]:	Un ensemble de liens vers des ressources ou documentations relatives à l'émulation des ordinateurs compatibles IBM PC (anciens jeux sous DOS et premières versions de Windows).

🎥️ Videos

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🕸️ Links

📕 Description [en]

A set of links to resources and / or documentation for the IBM PC compatible home computers.

🌍️ Wikipedia :

IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. Such computers used to be referred to as PC clones, or IBM clones. They duplicated almost exactly all the significant features of the PC architecture, facilitated by various manufacturers' ability to reverse engineer the BIOS using a "clean room design" technique. Columbia Data Products built the first clone of the IBM personal computer by a clean room implementation of its BIOS.

Many early IBM PC compatibles used the same computer bus as the original PC and AT models. The IBM AT compatible bus was later named the Industry Standard Architecture bus by manufacturers of compatible computers. The term "IBM PC compatible" is now a historical description only, since IBM has ended its personal computer sales.

Descendants of the IBM PC compatibles comprise the majority of personal computers on the market presently, although interoperability with the bus structure and peripherals of the original PC architecture may be limited or non-existent.

Origins
The original IBM PC (Model 5150) motivated the production of clones during the early 1980s.

IBM decided in 1980 to market a low-cost single-user computer as quickly as possible in response to Apple Computer's success in the burgeoning microcomputer market. On 12 August 1981, the first IBM PC went on sale. There were three operating systems (OS) available for it. The least expensive and most popular was PC DOS made by Microsoft. In a crucial concession, IBM's agreement allowed Microsoft to sell its own version, MS-DOS, for non-IBM computers. The only proprietary component of the original PC architecture was the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).

IBM at first asked developers to avoid writing software that addressed the computer's hardware directly, and to instead use the BIOS. Software which directly addressed the hardware instead of making standard calls was faster, however. This was particularly relevant to games. The IBM PC was sold in high enough volumes to justify writing software specifically for it, and this encouraged other manufacturers to produce machines which could use the same programs, expansion cards, and peripherals as the PC. The 808x computer marketplace rapidly excluded all machines which were not functionally very similar to the PC. The 640 kB barrier on "conventional" system memory available to MS-DOS is a legacy of that period; other non-clone machines did not have this limit.

Rumors of "lookalike", compatible computers, created without IBM's approval, began almost immediately after the IBM PC's release. By June 1983 PC Magazine defined "PC 'clone'" as "a computer accommodate the user who takes a disk home from an IBM PC, walks across the room, and plugs it into the 'foreign' machine". Because of a shortage of IBM PCs that year, many customers purchased clones instead. Columbia Data Products produced the first computer more or less compatible to the IBM PC standard during June 1982, soon followed by Eagle Computer. Compaq announced its first IBM PC compatible in November 1982, the Compaq Portable. The Compaq was the first sewing machine-sized portable computer that was essentially 100% PC-compatible. The company could not copy the BIOS directly as a result of the court decision in Apple v. Franklin, but it could reverse-engineer the IBM BIOS and then write its own BIOS using clean room design.

📕 Description [fr]

Un ensemble de liens vers des ressources ou documentations relatives à l'émulation des ordinateurs compatibles IBM PC (anciens jeux sous DOS et premières versions de Windows).

🌍️ Wikipedia :

Un compatible PC est un ordinateur compatible avec l'IBM PC apparu en 1981. En 2012, presque tous les ordinateurs personnels sont des compatibles PC. Ils sont basés sur les microprocesseurs de la famille x86 inventée par Intel. Les systèmes d'exploitation MS-DOS, Windows, OS/2 et GNU/Linux ont notamment été créés pour les compatibles PC. Mac OS X a été également porté sur cette architecture depuis le passage de Apple à des processeurs Intel en 2006 .

Au début des années 1980, un PC était une machine se comportant comme un IBM PC (PC pour Personal Computer, littéralement « ordinateur individuel ») produit par IBM en 1981. On utilise alors le sigle PC par opposition aux autres ordinateurs personnels qui ne sont pas compatibles avec ce premier PC : Apple Macintosh, Atari ST, Amiga, Commodore 64, Sinclair, Tandy, etc. Ainsi, la catégorie des ordinateurs personnels nommés PC n’est qu’un sous-ensemble des ordinateurs personnels.

Les PC sont construits sur les microprocesseurs d'architecture x86 d'Intel. Ils ont été principalement utilisés avec le système d'exploitation DOS, puis Microsoft Windows. On parle aussi depuis la fin des années 1990 de la plateforme WinTel pour faire référence à Windows et Intel, les deux acteurs les plus importants du marché des PC depuis cette époque. Toutefois, de nombreux systèmes d'exploitation sont ou ont été disponibles pour les PC : CP/M, Xenix, SCO Unix, OS/2, BSD, GNU/Linux, Solaris, Mac OS X, etc.

L'appellation PC est utilisée même en France, pays où pourtant le PC d’IBM avait été lancé sous le nom d'Ordinateur personnel et non pas de Personal Computer (presque deux ans après sa sortie mondiale de 1981, en raison du volume de traduction à effectuer, puis des corrections nombreuses à y apporter).

💡 Nota:
• La copie d'écran provient du site Wikipedia (licence CC BY-SA 3.0).
• Attention : le téléchargement de ROMS commerciales est illégal à moins de les avoir acquises financièrement.